About the determinism of sexual behaviour

Behavior is defined as a set of complex reactions of the body to internal and external stimuli, reactions motivated and organized by innate or acquired reflexes, which guide the integration of subjects to specific environmental conditions.

Here, at the Escort Service, everyone know that sexual behavior is determined on the one hand by biological factors (genetic and hormonal) and on the other by educational, ethnic and social aspects.

The anatomical structures involved in the determinism of sexual behavior are:

• The hypothalamus governs the production of sexual hormones but is also directly involved in specific emotional and behavioral reactions.
• The medial preoptic area is responsible for stimulating sexual behavior, especially in men. At this level, there is a dimorphic sexual nucleus that controls the functions of the pituitary gland and the vegetative system and integrates information. It seems to hold especially in the consummation phase of sexual behaviour and less so in the initiation phase.
• The ventromedial nucleus seems to be involved in directing female sexual behaviour.
• Mammary bodies are involved in the sexual behaviour of both sexes.
• The limbic system intervenes in the genesis of sexual satisfaction
• The temporal lobe seems to be involved in sexual behaviour, as well as the frontal.

Sexual dimorphism, sexually dimorphic structures and functions are the basis of sexual behaviour.

The sexually dimorphic structures are:

1. genetic sex is the first sexual differentiation of the individual and appears in the zygote stage, represented by the chromosomal formula.
2. gonadal sex (of the sexual glands) is by definition dimorphic and develops genetically conditioned.
3. gonochoric sex (of the genitals). The external genital organs differentiate under the action of gonadal hormones.
4. sexual dimorphism of the central nervous system and the hypothalamus.

The sexually dimorphic functions are:

1. Gender identity – the individual’s awareness that he belongs to one sex or another.
2. Sexual role – everything an individual does to reveal to himself and others that he belongs to one sex or the other.
3. Aggressive behaviour is more strongly expressed in males.

Sex hormones have a vital role in determining sexual behaviour, starting by stimulating the differentiation of target tissues during intrauterine life (beginning with the 4th month of pregnancy) and continuing until puberty.

Of course, the intervention of the educational component in shaping the adult’s sexual behavior cannot be neglected.

The development of sexual behaviour, therefore, begins in intrauterine life when, under the action of gonadal hormones, the LH-RH secretion pattern stabilizes at the hypothalamic level (it is continuous in men and cyclic in escort girls). This phenomenon occurs in the IV-VI months of pregnancy. Later, in the VII-IX months, different sexual behaviour will be organized for the two sexes.

The excess of androgens from the prenatal period in girls can cause genital ambiguity with different degrees of severity, going up to the complete masculinization of the external sexual organs, the orientation being, however, heterosexual in the vast majority of cases. Equally, androgen deficiency in male subjects will cause genital ambiguity in the same period.

Recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to both estrogens and androgens in excess during extrauterine life would facilitate the more frequent expression of homo and bisexuality.

During childhood, around 2-4 years, gender identity develops under environmental stimuli – parents’ behaviour, civil identity, etc.

At puberty, under the action of sex hormones, the secondary sexual characteristics develop as well as the neuropsychic ones that allow the individual to comply with the demands imposed by adult life. Thus, the genital organs will develop morphologically but also from the point of view of excitability and on the behavioural level, it facilitates the expression of erotic and sexual behaviour. In boys, the increase, initially nocturnal, of the testosterone level will be reflected in the appearance of nocturnal pollution and then in the initiation and maintenance of masturbation.

The eroticism manifested at puberty shows differences from one sex to another. In boys, imagination anticipates actual sexual behaviour and excitability is dominated by visual stimuli, while in girls, vision is poor and tactile inspirations and previous experiences dominate excitability. In boys, libido and sexual function are correlated with the level of androgens, and in girls, with the interaction with other girls who have this experience.

Androgenic hormones maintain the sexual behaviour of the adult man by stimulating the trophicity of the genital organs as well as by initiating and sustaining desire and sexual dynamics. Nocturnal and diurnal erections are spontaneous and dependent on testosterone, but those induced by erotic stimuli are not (Bancroft 1989), so sexual behaviour shows relative independence from hormonal stimuli.

In women, sexual behaviour is activated by gonadal hormones.

Still, the experience of orgasm is somewhat conditioned by the social and relational context, by experience, and then by the level of sexual hormones.

In older women, due to the decrease in hormonal secretion, there are problems related to vaginal lubrication, resulting in fear of penetration and the disappearance of sexual desire. The administration of estrogens can solve issues related to lubrication.

In older men, the quality of erections and ejaculations slowly decreases. The period of genital stimulation required to obtain an erection increases. If these changes occur against the background of maintaining sexual desire, the psychological effects can be highly unpleasant.

Regarding homosexual behaviour, it seems that the levels of circulating sex hormones have average values.

Still, there is a possibility that the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal chain to hormonal stimuli is lower, or their metabolism in the brain is modified.

For a long time, the idea that the emergence of homosexuality was linked to traumatic heterosexual sexual experiences at a young age was accredited, and attempts were made to reorient the subject sexually. This is an attempt doomed to failure because established homosexuality is irreversible.

Unlike homosexuality, a disorder of sexual orientation, transsexualism is a profound disorder of gender identity (the subject is convinced that he belongs to the other sex, contrary to his physical constitution).

Of all the pathogenic theories developed to explain the emergence of transsexualism, the hormonal one seems to be the most solid. This supports the existence of a hormonal deficit since intrauterine life that would lead to a defect in the organization of the primordia of sexual behavior. Anyway, transsexuality, like homosexuality, is irreversible, so any attempt to convince the subject to accept his biological sex is doomed to failure and, therefore, useless.